Thousands of people across the country left their keys on the counter this morning, opting instead to grab their bicycle and ride to the office.
National Bike to Work Day is one of our favorite times of the year, and it proved its salt again this morning. The League staff was stationed at several pit stops in and around Washington, D.C., to say hello to bicyclists on their way to work. We passed out bike pins, urged visitors to become members and listened to local politicians as they extolled the benefits of bicycling.
Scroll through some of our photos from this morning in D.C., and be sure to send us yours via Facebook, Twitter or in the comments below!
Thank you to everyone who participated in Bike to Work Day 2013!
Liz Murphy Communications Manager
Ms. Murphy joined the League in January 2013. She previously worked as a reporter covering the Justice Department. Liz has journalism and women's studies degrees from Penn State University. She commutes to work on her bright red bike daily.
In May, we officially launched the National Bike Challenge — a new, nationwide initiative to inspire and empower millions of Americans to ride their bikes for transportation, recreation and better health. The friendly, online competition far exceeded its 10 million mile goal and transformed the lives of countless Americans.
In line with the 2012 theme of One Ride, Many Reasons, we curated the personal reflections and inspirations of a diverse collection of bicyclists from coast to coast for our daily 31 Days, 31 Reasons blog feature. We also partnered with Sierra Club and the National Council of La Raza to release a new fact sheet on Bike to Work Day that showed U.S. bicyclists save a staggering $4.6 billion by biking instead of driving.
Elizabeth Williams of Cali Bike Tours shared her story in the 31 Days, 31 Reasons series
This year was also a first for two other major events. On Mother’s Day, thousands of women (and men) united for Cyclofemme — a global initiative to empower more women to ride and build the community of female bicyclists. And the inaugural Bike to School Day was a tremendous success, too, with more than 700 events across the nation.
Bike to School Day in Savannah, Ga.
We’re already getting excited for Bike Month 2013. Click here for the dates and our Bike Month Guide!
Carolyn Szczepanski Communications Director
Carolyn joined the League in March 2012, after two years at the Alliance for Biking & Walking. In addition to managing the League's blog, magazine and other communications, Carolyn organized the first National Women's Bicycling Summit and launched the League's newest program: Women Bike. Before she crossed over to advocacy, she was a professional journalist for nearly 10 years.
It’s a been a big week in the National Bike Challenge. We crossed the 1,000,000 mile mark last weekend, and several days this week set new records for miles entered into the system.
As of this glorious Bike to Work Day morning, we stand at 1.5 million miles logged, and over 36 million calories burned. One and half million miles is 3 round trips from the earth to the moon. But what does 36 million calories get you?
52,990 milkshakes
21,420 gallons of New Belgium Brewing’s Fat Tire ale, which can be conveniently hauled home in 1,392 kegs. I hope you brought your trailer.
182,818 donuts, which, stacked up, would become the highest point in the United States towering over Mount McKinley by 2,500 feet.
By our official calculations, Challenge riders have saved more than $358,000 in the three weeks of riding (this calculation includes only transport trips.) Once all the donuts are paid for, we’ll still have $267,000 left over. In somewhat more official calculations, U.S. bicyclists save $4.6 billion per year by riding instead of driving. That according to new data released today by the League of American Bicyclists, Sierra Club, and National Council of La Raza (NCLR).
I don’t mention New Belgium lightly — they’re one of two new prize sponsors, adding a bike, a case of beer, and a pair of socks to our prize list. We’ve also added prizes from the Better World Club, who will give 10 lucky winners Bicycle Roadside Assistance memberships. Look for an updated prize list on the Challenge site next week.
Looking at the leaderboards, not much has changed at the top since last week. While he hasn’t made the turn at Tranquility Base yet, Leonard Wright is still leading the personal challenge by a fair piece, and he’s the only rider so far to have attained platinum. There are more than 2,500 riders in easy striking distance of gold (500 points) by month’s end, making them eligible for the richest pot of monthly prizes.
Vermont is still leading the state challenge, but Wisconsin dominates the top 10 in the community (Madison at #1, and 5 more besides) and workplace (Trek at #1, Kimberly-Clark at #2, plus 3 more) categories. Trek Varsity leads the team competition. Scrolling down the state list a bit, Maryland, my Maryland, is struggling to stay in the top 20, and trailing Virgina by 2 spots.
The more interesting competition is in the comments, where it seems that each rider’s story is more inspiring than the last — people back on bikes for the first time in years, riding trips they would have taken by car, losing weight, and loving life. Fortunately, that’s a category where everyone wins.
Get up and ride, and get your friends involved — we still have a lot of recruiting to do if we’re to reach our goal of 50,000 riders.
Scott Williams League Director of Membership
Williams joined the League in April 2010. For the four years prior, he worked providing technology consulting and solutions to nonprofit organizations with Community IT Innovators.
Events are already planned. The buzz is beginning to build. The media is getting interested. But how can you make your 2012 National Bike Month efforts have a lasting impact in your community and beyond? Invite your members of Congress.
With Bike to School Day, Bike to Work Week and the announcement of Bicycle Friendly Communities, there’s no better time to showcase the support for cycling in your community than National Bike Month. And, with the U.S. House of Representatives threatening to eliminate funding for biking and walking in the next federal transportation bill, there’s no better time to make an impression on your members of Congress.
(Left) Congressman Earl Blumenauer (D-OR) at the 2012 Bike to Work Day in Washington DC (Photo: Washington Area Bicyclist Association)
Thanks to YOUR efforts this spring, the U.S. Senate passed a transportation bill that maintains important programs, like Transportation Enhancements and Safe Routes to School. But we still face a tough battle in the House. The current extension expires on September 30 and local advocates will play a critical role in making the case that biking and walking projects and programs are popular and cost-effective uses of federal dollars. Bike Month is the perfect opportunity to do just that!
Whatever great events you have planned for Bike Month, please consider inviting your members of Congress. Extending that invitation will allow you to cultivate your relationships with key elected officials; provide positive media exposure for your organization and your members; and clearly show the support for biking and walking in your member’s district.
To help you in that effort, our partners at America Bikes have compiled a helpful toolkit with all the guidance and templates you need. Visit americabikes.org/show_congress for a sample invitation, a script for talking to your member’s scheduler, media tips, messaging advice, a congressional calendar and more. Please reach out to your members of Congress today!
For questions or further assistance, please don’t hesitate to contact me: (202) 822-1333 or carolyn@bikeleague.org.
Carolyn Szczepanski Communications Director
Carolyn joined the League in March 2012, after two years at the Alliance for Biking & Walking. In addition to managing the League's blog, magazine and other communications, Carolyn organized the first National Women's Bicycling Summit and launched the League's newest program: Women Bike. Before she crossed over to advocacy, she was a professional journalist for nearly 10 years.
Today is Bike to Work Day (always the third Friday in Bike Month), and the League celebrated at Washington, D.C.’s event on Freedom Plaza. The event, hosted by WABA, reportedly had more than 8,000 registered for D.C. Metro festivities, while 10,000 in D.C. were expected to ride to work. Freedom Plaza was packed — and packed with a solid representation of the American bike rider. We had people of all ages, backgrounds and clothing styles hanging out, talking about bikes, and having fun.
The speakers at the event were just as impressive as the turnout, and they made all of us bicyclists feel warm and fuzzy. The D.C. politicians get why bikes are important and raved about Capital Bike Share. Even Mayor Vincent Gray was on hand to accept Washington, D.C.’s Bicycle Friendly Community award from League president Andy Clarke — D.C. recently upgraded to a Silver-level BFC. Gray, though, said he wasn’t happy with just Silver and riled the crowd with promises of reaching Gold and one day Platinum.
U.S. Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood couldn’t make it to this year’s Bike to Work Day but he did blog about it on Fast Lane and send FTA Administrator Rogoff and Undersecretary Roy Kienitz to the D.C. event. Rogoff and Kienitz cemented that the Obama administration is behind bicycling. Rogoff said bicycling helps in so many of the Obama Administration’s goals: lowering greenhouse gasses, lowering our dependency on oil, and making better and efficient use of the infrastructure we already have.
If you’re feeling lucky, the League and Seal Line are giving away Seal Ling bags. You can win with the best Bike to Work tweet today, told in 140 characters or less. We’re taking submissions all day that use the #B2WD hashtag. You may get bonus points if you include our names @SealLine and @BikeLeague!
Meghan Cahill League Director of Communications
Cahill joined the League in December 2008 and has a BA in Media Communications with a concentration in Italian Studies from the College of Charleston.
Next up is Bicycle Friendly Communities Program Specialist, Alison Dewey.
Hi Alison, how are you celebrating Bike Month this year?
I’m celebrating 2011 Bike Month with a big dose of bike education. Along with friends from the League, I am volunteering my time to instruct multiple Girl Scout troops on bike safety. We are emphasizing how to safely follow the rules of the road while on a bike and stressing the importance of sharing the road with bicycles when driving a car. The girls are near driving age so even if they are not using a bike for recreation, transportation, or fitness, it is important they know that bikes are also vehicles on the road and that sharing the road is a responsibility of cyclists and drivers.
What’s your favorite Bike Month memory or experience?
Oh so many! But one of my favorites was a day that the League staff rode to the newly opened Woodrow Wilson Bridge Bike Way. We started out with a very ominous sky above us and of course it wasn’t but five minutes after we had left that the clouds opened up and it poured down. It should have been miserable. Had we been walking or driving certainly I would have looked around and thought “what a crummy day.” But because we were all on our bikes and because even the most novice bike riders in the group were still smiling, it was loads of fun. Really, being on a bike gives a totally different perspective; it can turn even the ugliest weather into an enjoyable experience.
Let’s get down to business, Bicycle Friendly Business, that is. As the Bicycle Friendly Business specialist, what are some BFBs that stand out for having great Bike Month events?
I’d love to spend a Bike Month in Anchorage, Alaska with the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium! Bike to Work Day is celebrated with morning coffee, treats, prizes and a live two-hour radio broadcast. At lunch they do a blessing of the bikes, then in the evening riders from the community and hospital gather for pizza and a live blue grass music party.
Another standout is National Geographic. The business provides an elaborate breakfast spread for employees that ride in on Bike to Work Day. Throughout the month they have bike safety seminars and repair classes to get employees ready to ride. Ameriprise Financial in Minnesota features commuter profiles on their intranet. Last year rider experiences ranged from the racer whose daily ride to work is 40 miles round trip to the mother who transports her son in a Burley trailer and drops him off/picks him up at daycare midway through her daily commute of less than five miles.
When and why do you ride your bike?
I ride my bike every chance I get and with three small kids, the youngest being three months, the chances don’t come as often as they used to. It’s very hard to find the time to go out to just ride for fitness so these days I have to work it into my daily or weekly errands. I just found a great bike route to our church where we celebrated Bike Month with a Bike to Church Day, the turn-out was amazing and no one looked the wearier because of it! I also regularly bike my oldest daughter to pre-school and ride to the occasional neighborhood meeting at night.
What’s the longest ride you’ve ever done?
My longest ride was not an organized ride but rather a training ride for an event. I pedaled 120 miles throughout the North Shore of Boston, one of my favorite places to ride, in preparation for competing in Ironman Lake Placid. That was before the three kids!
What tips do you have for new bike commuters?
Bike commuting can be for everyone. It is not limited to avid riders, athletes, or cycling kamakazis. It’s really for anyone who likes a healthy lifestyle. Even if you live farther than you think is feasible to bike, consider using a bike/bus combination. There are a growing number of cities putting bike racks on buses to accommodate the increased demand in using bikes during a commute. Bike commuting may seem intimidating but if you seek out a co-worker who is already doing it, I bet they will tell you different. Odds are they will even help you on your first few commutes.
What do you know now that you wish you knew before you started to ride frequently?
It’s worth it to pay a little bit more for a good bike. And using your gears makes the ride a lot easier.
What do you typically wear to ride?
It really depends where I am going, how far my destination is, and what my destination is. My ride to work is a good 17 miles so I typically wear a bike jersey and bike shorts and change when I get to work. You’ll often see me in an awesome pair of bike capris that, I think, look quite fashionable and have a chamois for riding comfort – though looking at them you’d never know it. If I am going to a neighborhood meeting or on a local errand, I wear whatever I am wearing that day.
Darren Flusche League Policy Director
Flusche joined the League in April 2009 and has a B.A. in history from Syracuse University and a Masters of Public Administration with a concentration in public policy analysis from New York University.
What was your favorite Bike to Work Week experience?
My favorite Bike to Work Week experience was Bike to Work Week 2009. I got a new bike, and I biked to work for the first time on Bike to Work Day. My co-workers helped me put my new bike together and helped me find my way from Arlington, Va. to Washington, D.C. My ride is very hilly and at the time the commute seemed like a hundred miles (it was a 16-mile round trip; now it’s a 14-mile round trip) – especially on my uphill ride home. However, my co-worker’s enthusiasm and encouragement kept me riding. That week I became a bike commuter. I sold my car three months later, and now the majority of my trips are taken by bike. I occasionally use the bus or metro.
In addition to Bike to Work Week, how are you celebrating Bike Month this year?
My job as the League’s communications director keeps me immersed in Bike Month – approving Bike Month events across the nation, sending e-news, connecting on Facebook and Twitter and answering tons of press inquires. I celebrate by riding as much as I can and trying to get my friends to ride. This year I got my boyfriend to consider riding to work and one of my friends wants to ride with me to the D.C. Bike to Work Day event. Oh, I’m also celebrating by using my new purse that clips to my handlebars. It’s so cool!
Bike Month is taking off on Twitter (#bikemonth) and Facebook, and the events list is overflowing. What has surprised you or impressed you about Bike Month’s relationship with social networking?
It surprised me how much our members and fans use Twitter and Facebook! They love sharing the League’s information, using the Bike Month logos as their profile pictures (!), sending Twitpics of their rides and using the #bikemonth and #B2WD hashtags in their Tweets. Our Twitter feed is constantly updating and nearly 1,300 Facebook fans have committed to riding and encouraging others to ride by RSVPing to our May is Bike Month Facebook event.
When and why do you ride your bike?
I ride my bike for all my commuter needs and errands – work, the grocery store, going out to meet friends, and all sorts of things in between. Last week, I rode my bike to get a pedicure and manicure – it’s a little tricky not messing up your nails on the way home but they sure do dry fast. I also love to use the Capital Bikeshare system when my friends and family visit. They all rave about the “Meghan Bike Share tours” and how much fun the bikes are to ride around.
Why do I ride? I ride because it keeps me in shape, keeps me healthy (I have asthma, and it really helps to keep my lungs strong), is easy on my joints, and because it elevates my mood. Gotta love endorphins! Bike riding also makes my stronger – and this includes my confidence. Though, I am completely comfortable riding in traffic there are a couple things I hate about D.C – the insane congestion on the roads and the summer pollution (August is a killer for those who have respiratory issues). I like to think that by riding my bike instead of driving that I am part of a solution. Hopefully, other women will see me out there on my bike with my cute handlebar purse and think, “Hey if she can do it, maybe I can too.”
What tips do you have for new bike commuters?
If you don’t have a comfy seat and you are riding 10 or more miles a day, you might want to consider some lycra – I know it sounds heinous. But for ladies, we have great options. You could wear bike shorts underneath your skirt or dress or there are cute and functional cycling skirts and dresses that have the shorts built in. Also, drink lots of water and learn how to change your own flat. It took me a year to finally change my own tube, and it was a great moment for me.
What do you know now that you wish you knew before you started to ride frequently?
Bike riding is just as fun now as it was when you were 10, AND you can sleep in later. I get to work faster on my bike than I do on the metro.
What do you typically wear to ride?
I live seven hilly miles away but during the spring when D.C. feels like northern California, I experiment with wearing my work clothes while biking to and from work. Dresses or skirts with bike shorts work best. If it’s hotter than 70 degrees out, I wear a cycling skirt or bike shorts with a tank or t-shirt, sneakers – no clips, my helmet and some shades. Sunglasses are key. If it’s below 40 degrees, super thick, waterproof gloves are vital. I finally got a pair of the lobster gloves last Christmas, and they completely changed my winter riding. Fleece or wool tights and wicking layers are important too.
Anything else you’d like to share?
Bike commuting saves me money. I do not pay for car insurance, car payments, gas, or tolls. My bike is a smart investment.
Thanks, Meghan!
Darren Flusche League Policy Director
Flusche joined the League in April 2009 and has a B.A. in history from Syracuse University and a Masters of Public Administration with a concentration in public policy analysis from New York University.
The first week of Bike Month has been exciting and filled with #bikemonth tweets, twit pics of sweet rides, more than 1,000 Facebook users committed to participating and encouraging riding this Bike Month by RSVPing to the Facebook May is Bike Month event, and hundreds of rides posted on bikeleague.org/bikemonth_events. Hopefully, you aren’t filling your days online with social networking because you are so busy riding and helping new riders learn the ropes of commuting. But if that isn’t the case, here’s a few reason’s why you should be participating in National Bike Month.
1) You need to save money! We all need to buy that house, send our kid to college or want to see your favorite band perform this summer. Why not save the money you spend on gas, and ride to work and your social gatherings instead? Think how much it costs to maintain your car and the cost per mile — expensive, right? Well, on average it only costs $155 a year to maintain your bicycle. Now take a minute to absorb into your brain what you could do with the savings.
The breakdown: Assuming you travel around 5,000miles/year (roughly what an average commuter would travel) here is a list of maintenance costs:
2 chains = $40
2 sets of tires = $80
1 set brake pads = $10
2 tubes = $15
Chain lube = $10
Total = $155
$155/5000miles = $0.03/mile
2) You have been trying to lose those 15 pounds for years and clearly drinking diet soda and skipping breakfast isn’t working. Well, ride your bike and the food you eat is the fuel you burn off. Bike to work and back, and bam! — you’ve burned off breakfast and lunch. Talk about an easy way to exercise.
3) You need more fun in your life and time to reflect. Biking makes you feel like a kid — glide down a hill and take advantage of those moments of solitude when you’re biking. Plus, it’s fun to connect with friends and family over rides.
4) You’ve been looking for a way to volunteer but haven’t found the right fit. Teaching a kid to ride a bike can be your good deed for the day! If you want to outdo yourself in do-gooding, then teach your your co-workers the Rules of the Road and the way to bike to the office. Just one helpful person could convert a couple car-drivers into bike commuters. Think of the impact we could all have if we just asked our friends to bike to work with us.
5) The more bike riders on the road, the more jealous every one sitting in traffic will be! These frustrated motorists will see the smiles on our faces as we whiz by on our two-wheels and think, “Hey, why don’t I try biking to work?” Also, bike commuters can get their work to reimburse them with the Bike Commuter Tax Benefit.
Happy Bike Month America! Stay active this weekend and go for a ride with friends or your kids. Look for rides all over our country on our Bike Month Events page. If you have a particularly fun event, you could be the next Bike Month event we highlight!
Meghan Cahill League Director of Communications
Cahill joined the League in December 2008 and has a BA in Media Communications with a concentration in Italian Studies from the College of Charleston.
As a companion piece, here’s a blog post I happened on the day after the webinar — Online Marketing Terms in Plain English. It’s a helpful primer if you’re just getting started in online marketing.
Griff also showed off the newsletter guidelines for the Bluegrass Cycling Club, which several attendees expressed interest in emulating. They can be found at the end of these meeting minutes. If you use them, please attribute to the Bluegrass Cycling Club.
Recordings and presentations from previous webinars on membership, budgeting, succession, and the League’s insurance, as well as dates of upcoming trainings, can be found on the club leadership training page.
Scott Williams League Director of Membership
Williams joined the League in April 2010. For the four years prior, he worked providing technology consulting and solutions to nonprofit organizations with Community IT Innovators.
On October 5, 2009, President Obama signed Executive Order (EO) 13514, Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance, which required Federal agencies to set greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets. The Office of the Federal Environmental Executive, in coordination with the Inter-Agency Task Force on Bicycling and Active Transportation*, just released a new guide to help agencies meet their goals by promoting bicycle commuting. It is called “Implementing a Successful Bicycle and Active Commuting Program in the Washington, DC Metropolitan Area.” As a nice touch, it is dated May, 21, 2010 – National Bike to Work Day.
At the National Bike Summit in March, the League’s Bicycle Friendly America Team gave a presentation to government employees on bicycle-friendly workplaces. We are delighted to see that much of the information was incorporated into the guide. The guide is organized around the same “5 Es” used in the Bicycle Friendly America programs. Here is a bulleted list of the recommendations, see the full report for details.
Policies
Agencies should:
Promote the Bicycle Commuter Benefit
Create a plan to promote and support bike commuting by employees and visitors.
Address security issues early in the planning process
Participate in the Inter-Agency Task Force on Bicycling and Active Transportation.
Infrastructure
Agencies should:
Propose on-street facilities to local transportation officials
Provide secure bike parking (long-term and short-term,) in high-visibility areas
Provide sufficient bike parking – e.g. one employee space for every 7,500 square feet of office floor area and one visitor space for every 20,000 square feet
Provide lockers and showers
Encouragement
Agencies should:
Promote commuter challenges
Encourage participation in Bike to Work Day and celebration of Bike to Work Month
Promote bike share programs (e.g. SmartBike DC)
Institute Emergency Ride Home (ERH) programs
Provide safety information
Education
Agencies should develop outreach and education tools, like the following:
A Bicycle Advisory Committee
Bicycle/travel Map
Guide to Bicycling
Bicyclist and Motorist Safety Education Campaign
Safety Workshops
Buddy programs
Help Line
Evaluation
Agencies should consider the following ideas to measure success:
Designate Bike Coordinator
Monitor participation
Reduce paperwork
Set targets
Survey
Sustainability Plan
Self-Assessment
*The Inter-Agency Task Force on Bicycling and Active Transportation is, as the name suggests, a taskforce comprising different government agencies, convened under the auspices of a GSA-funded project, lead by the League, WABA and Alta have. Since December, the group has been working on providing input into the Executive Order.
Darren Flusche League Policy Director
Flusche joined the League in April 2009 and has a B.A. in history from Syracuse University and a Masters of Public Administration with a concentration in public policy analysis from New York University.
Traffic Skills 101 course on Bike to Work Day in Los Alamos; photo from Los Alamos Bikes
The folks in Los Alamos, NM, had the right idea. What better way to enjoy National Bike to Work Day than to take aTraffic Skills 101 course?
Darren Flusche League Policy Director
Flusche joined the League in April 2009 and has a B.A. in history from Syracuse University and a Masters of Public Administration with a concentration in public policy analysis from New York University.
Holy Bike to Work Day, Batman…Enthusiasm for daily bicycling continues to grow. Today it expressed itself in hundreds of Bike to Work Day events in communities all over the country. If I missed any good coverage, please leave a link in the comments.
Bike to Work Day, DC; view of the Capitol Building. Photo by Meghan Cahill
Great segment on BTWB in Providence featuring local advocates (Fox Providence)
Darren Flusche League Policy Director
Flusche joined the League in April 2009 and has a B.A. in history from Syracuse University and a Masters of Public Administration with a concentration in public policy analysis from New York University.
On this Bike to Work Day — the tenth time Houston has celebrated the day — League President Andy Clarke and Education Director Preston Tyree, together with the City of Houston, announced the launch of BikeEd.org, an online Bicycle Education tool. BikeEd.org represents the classroom component of the League’s Traffic Skills 101 course. You take the online bicycle education course; find League-Certified Instructors (LCI) and hands-on classes, and other resources. The City of Houston developed the resource with the League’s materials. It has been used by their city staff and the Houston-to-Austin MS Ride ride marshals and team captains. Today is the national debut. We will be rolling it out over the course of the summer.
On another note, the Houston Chronicle reports on Bike to Work Day with this amusing sub-headline, “Cycling to the job in Houston is getting easier. Now if only it were a little cooler.”
Darren Flusche League Policy Director
Flusche joined the League in April 2009 and has a B.A. in history from Syracuse University and a Masters of Public Administration with a concentration in public policy analysis from New York University.
Do you have great photos from Bike to Work Day you’d like to share? We’d love to see them and post some really good ones. Send ‘em to darren at bikeleague.org.
Darren Flusche League Policy Director
Flusche joined the League in April 2009 and has a B.A. in history from Syracuse University and a Masters of Public Administration with a concentration in public policy analysis from New York University.
Happy bike to work week, everybody. Here are two videos to get you inspired. Neither has much audio to speak of, so I suggest you hum your favorite tune while watching the fabulous sight of thousands of happy cyclists heading to work.
This one is of a typical bicycle rush hour in Utrecht, Netherlands. All very orderly and relaxing-looking.
This one, from Copenhagen, has even more bike commuters, if you can believe it. You’ll notice in the first few seconds, a woman got off her bike to take a phone call. True courtesy.
Darren Flusche League Policy Director
Flusche joined the League in April 2009 and has a B.A. in history from Syracuse University and a Masters of Public Administration with a concentration in public policy analysis from New York University.
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